Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, June 2026, Vol. 20, No. 2
Mathematical Modelling of Blood Flow Narrowing in Left Coronary Artery Causing Cardiovascular Disease Using Finite Volume Method
Fatahillah, A., Hamdan, M. S. F., Prihandini, R. M., Roslan, R.
Corresponding Email: arif.fkip@unej.ac.id
Received date: 2 July 2025
Accepted date: 30 October 2025
Abstract:
This study investigates the behavior of blood flow in the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) experiencing symmetrical narrowing, focusing on three stenosis geometries: triangular, trapezoidal, and overlapping (W-shape). It aims to develop a mathematical model of post-stenotic flow, assess the effectiveness of the Finite Volume Method (FVM), and analyze how stenosis shape and severity affect velocity and pressure. The governing equations of fluid motion are solved using FVM for spatial discretization and the SIMPLE algorithm to compute flow variables. Results show that FVM accurately simulates blood dynamics in narrowed arterial regions. Notably, when stenosis exceeds 50%, flow velocity increases significantly, reaching a peak at 75% narrowing. This condition also corresponds to a sharp pressure drop, especially in the trapezoidal model, indicating a higher potential for vascular damage and plaque accumulation. These changes in hemodynamic behavior highlight the critical role of stenosis geometry in altering blood flow. Therefore, understanding the influence of narrowing shape and severity is essential for clinical assessment and early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Keywords: blood flow; triangular; trapezoidal; overlapping (W-shape); SIMPLE algorithm.
