Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, June 2026, Vol. 20, No. 2
Gender Differences in Lung Cancer Survival Based on Non-parametric and Parametric Methods
Shankaraiah, P., Mokesh Rayalu, G., Prasad, A. V.
Corresponding Email: mokesh.g@vit.ac.in
Received date: 1 February 2025
Accepted date: 15 October 2025
Abstract:
Non-parametric and semi-parametric models allow us to predict the gender of individuals based on their survival time in lung-survival data. Primary, we used the North Central Cancer Treatment Group for patients with advanced lung survival dataset to apply the combination of survival models, along with the relevant confidence intervals. Based on the findings of this research, gender is statistically significant based on \(p-\)value, determinants in predicting coefficient of -0.5509, and hazard ratio of 0.5765 using cox proportional hazard with Breslow model. The results of these methods' analysis, \(\chi^2\) test, were utilized to ascertain whether a gender difference exists. The Kaplan-Meier curve for the entire dataset estimates a mean survival time of 327.5 days and a median survival time of 310 days; for males, the estimated median overall survival is 270 days, and for females, the median survival time is estimated to be 426 days. A study of the dataset indicates that sex significantly influences survival results. Gender is a determinant that impacts the duration of survival, with females often exhibiting a higher median survival time of 426 days. These findings emphasize the importance of considering age and gender when predicting survival outcomes and creating targeted interventions for certain subgroups.
Keywords: central tendency values; lung cancer; probability survival time; survival metrics; survival models.
