Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, March 2026, Vol. 20, No. 1
Assessment of Validity and Reliability of Mathematical Attitude Instruments of Elementary School Students
Trisnani, N., Retnawati, H., and Wuryandani, W.
Corresponding Email: novytrisnani@ipw.ac.id
Received date: 12 May 2024
Accepted date: 28 July 2025
Abstract:
Previous research has used various instruments to measure mathematical attitudes, but validated and reliable tools for Indonesian elementary students are limited. This study aims to fill this gap by developing an instrument suited to Indonesian elementary students to measure their mathematical attitudes effectively. Data were collected from $187$ students using a Likert scale. Two experts assessed content validity, examining construct, content, and language aspects. To test validity and reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed with SPSS $25.0$, followed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using LISREL $10.20$. Criteria included a Standard Loading Factor (SLF) of at least $0.30$, a t-value of $1.96$ or higher, and construct reliability (CR) above $0.70$. The analysis showed that $20$ items in the instrument met the criteria for validity and reliability, confirming their suitability for measuring mathematical attitudes. The Goodness-of-Fit test indicated a strong fit between the theoretical model and the empirical data, supporting the robustness of the instrument. The developed instrument reliably measures elementary students' mathematical attitudes, meeting a key need in the field. It aligns well with Indonesian students' cultural and educational context, serving as a valuable tool for educators and researchers.
Keywords: elementary school; mathematical attitude; reliability; validity.
