Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, March 2026, Vol. 20, No. 1
A Comprehensive Approach to Decision Making Problems Using Type-2 Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets
Paul, A., John, S. J., and Thankachan, B.
Corresponding Email: baiju.t@manipal.edu
Received date: 21 February 2025
Accepted date: 28 July 2025
Abstract:
Type-2 Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets (T2PFS) extend classical fuzzy frameworks by incorporating both primary and secondary membership measures, thereby capturing higher order uncertainty more effectively. This study presents a unified and interpretable algorithm for decision-making, supported by formally defined set-theoretic operations-union, intersection, and complement-for T2PFS. Additionally, novel score and hesitancy functions are proposed to enhance the ability to evaluate and prioritize alternatives. The algorithm is validated through a practical situation, and comparative analysis demonstrates improved precision and applicability over existing methods. These findings contribute to the development of more effective fuzzy decision-making models for uncertain environments.
Keywords: decision-making problems; evaluation function; hesitancy; Pythagorean fuzzy set; score function; type-2 Pythagorean fuzzy number; type-2 Pythagorean fuzzy set.
