Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, September 2026, Vol. 20, No. 3
Students' Mathematical Literacy in Statistical Problem Solving: Insights from Metacognition and Self-Efficacy
Kartika, D. L., Winarni, A., Sukowati, D., and Yuniarti, D. A. F.
Corresponding Email: dwianikartika@gmail.com
Received date: 2 December 2024
Accepted date: 12 December 2025
Abstract:
Mathematical literacy is essential in today's information age, particularly in understanding, interpreting, and applying numerical information in fields like statistical data analysis. Statistics, as a key branch of mathematics, plays a pivotal role in data interpretation and decision-making. However, many students struggle with fundamental statistical concepts including probability, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis, which hinders their ability to solve complex problems. This descriptive qualitative study examines the influence of metacognition and self-efficacy on students' statistical problem-solving abilities. Metacognition refers to awareness and regulation of one's cognitive processes, while self-efficacy pertains to individuals' belief in their problem solving capabilities. Both factors significantly impact mathematical performance. The research evaluates students' proficiency in statistical methods, with a focus on inferential statistics. The findings reveal that students with good metacognition and high self-efficacy excel in solving statistical problems, demonstrating a deep understanding of mathematical concepts and confidence in their application. Conversely, students with moderate metacognition and medium to low self-efficacy encounter challenges in critical reflection and in-depth evaluation, which adversely affects the quality of their result interpretation. Enhancing metacognition and self-efficacy is crucial for improving overall mathematical literacy, particularly in reflection and critical evaluation skills.
Keywords: mathematical literacy; statistics; metacognition; self-efficacy; statistical problem solving.
